Rajasthan state

Rajasthan is the north-western state in the Republic of India. Rajasthan means "The Land of Kings". Rajasthan is famous for its forts, deserts, and its culture and traditions. Rajasthan was established as a state on 30 March 1949

Basic Rajasthan state information:

• Rajasthan capital: Jaipur
• Rajasthan High court: Jodhpur
• Legislative assembly: Jaipur
• Largest City: Jaipur
• Official language: Hindi
• Chief Minister: Sh. Ashok Gehlot
• Governor: Sh. Kalraj Mishra
• High Court Chief Justice:  Indrajit Mahanty
• Legislative assembly seats: 200(Unicameral)
• Lok Sabha seats:25
• Rajya Sabha Seats:10
• Rank area wise: 1st
• Number of Districts: 33
• Population density:200 per square kilometre

Geography:

Sand dunes

1. Rajasthan is the largest state of India in area wise. It covers 342239 square kilometres area which is 10.4 % of India's total area. 
2. Rajasthan is located between 23'30" to 30'11" north latitude, and 69'29" to 78'17" in east latitude.
3.  Most part of the state occupies by the Thar Desert and Aravali hill ranges. Geographically, 
4. Rajasthan divided into four parts:

• Eastern Plains
• Western Sandy Plains
• Aravali Ranges
• South-eastern Rajasthan Pathar             

  

  Chambal River

  
                                                                              
•  Guru Shikhar (1732m) is the highest peak of Rajasthan which situated in Mount Abu.   
•  River Chambal and river Luni is the main river of Rajasthan. 
• River Chambal forms badland topography and many rivers ravines in the Chambal river basin.                            

  

  Badland Topography

  
  
• Indira Gandhi canal is the main source of canal irrigation systems.Underground water and rainwater storage are other sources for irrigation in Rajasthan.                                                 
•  Different types of soil found in Rajasthan. The main types of soil in Rajasthan are Black soil (SE Rajasthan), Arid soil(West Rajasthan), and alluvial soil(NE Rajasthan).

Boundaries of Rajasthan: 

Rajasthan state boundaries attach with five Indian states and one foreign country (Pakistan). 

• North: Punjab  Northeast: Haryana and Uttar Pradesh
• West: Pakistan     North-West: Pakistan
• South-East: Madhya Pradesh   South-west: Gujarat

State Symbols:

State symbols of Rajasthan are the following:

State Symbols	Name
Mammal	Camel & Chinkara
Bird	Godawn(Great Indian Bustard)
Flower	Rohida
Tree	Khejri
Dance	Ghoomer
Game	Basketball

Geographical Indications of Rajasthan:

Blue Pottery

• Phulkari: Rajasthan
• Kota Doria: Kota
• Kota Doria(Logo): Kota
• Blue Pottery: Jaipur
• Molela Clay work: Molela, Nathdwara
• Kathputlis of Rajasthan: Rajasthan
• Sanganeri Hand block Printing: Jaipur
• Bikaneri Bhujia: Bikaner
• Baru Hand Block Print: Jaipur
• Thewa artwork: Pratapgarh
• Makran Marble: Makran, Nagaur

 Districts:

 Rajasthan consists of 33 districts and divided into seven administrative divisions.

Division	Districts
Ajmer	Ajmer, Bhilwara, Nagaur, Tonk
Bikaner	Bikaner, Churu, Sriganganagar, Hanumangarh
Bharatpur	Bharatpur, Dholpur, karauli, Sawai Madhopur
Jaipur	Jaipur, Alwar, Jhujhunu, Sikar, Dausa
Jodhpur	Jodhpur, Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jalore, Pali Sirohi
Kota	Kota, Bundi, Jhalawar, Baron
Udaipur	Udaipur, Banswara, Chittorgarh, Pratapgarh, Durganpur, Rajsamand

Facts about districts of Rajasthan:

Largest district(Areawise)	Jaisalmer
Smallest district(Areawise)	Dholpur
Largest district(Population)	Jaipur
Smallest district(population)	Jaisalmer
Highest literacy rate district	Kota
Lowest literacy rate district	Jalor
Highest sex ratio district	Dungarpur
Lowest sex ratio district	Dholpur

Economy:

Rajasthan's economy is mainly based on agriculture and its related industries but many types of minerals such as copper, zinc, and tin is found in Rajasthan.

(A) Agriculture:

• Main crops: Wheat, Barley, Millets, and Oilseeds.
• Cash crops: Cotton and Tobacco.
• First Position in Crops Production: Mustard, Pearl Millets, Barley(60% total production of India), Fenugreek, and Guar( 72% total production of India).
• The second-largest producer of milk in India.

(B) Industries: 

Industries in Rajasthan are mainly agriculture-based and minerals based industries.

• Quarry and mining industries: Many varieties of marbles are found in Makarana( famous for white marble), Dholpur, and Kisanganj in Rajasthan. Sandstone is mainly found in Jodhpur. Copper ( Khetri and Jhunjhunu) and Zinc(Udaipur)  are found in Udaipur.
• Chemical and engineering-based industries are found in the southern Rajasthan mainly in Kota.
• Handicrafts based industries are also famous in Rajasthan. 

Katputli

Flora and Fauna:

Rajasthan consists mainly of the tropical thorny forest. It consists of Babool, Khejri, Cactus and Neem, etc. Grass and shrubs are mainly found in thorny forests. 

Bengal Tigers

Sr. No.	National Park	Fauna
1	Sariska National Park	Bengal Tigers
2	Desert National Park	Great Indian Bustard
3	Keoladeo National Park	Migratory Birds
4	Mukunda Hills National Park	Gagroni Parrot
5	Ranthambore National Park	Bengal Tigers

Keoladeo national park comes under the UNESCO world heritage sites in India. Sariska National Park is famous for successfully its relocation of the Bengal Tigers in the world.  

Demographics:

According to Census 2011:

Population	6.86 Crore
Annual Growth (%)	21.31%
Population % in India	05.66%
Average Density	200 per Sq. Km
Sex Ratio	928
Sex Ratio(between age 0 to 6 Years)	888
Literacy Rate	66.1%

Religion	Percentage
Hinduism	88.49%
Muslim	09.07%
Sikhism	1.27%
Jain	0.95%
Others	0.05%

Transport:

(A) Air:

Rajasthan has six airports in which one is an international airport and the other five are domestic airports.

• Jaipur international airport
• Jodhpur airport
• Udaipur airport
• Ajmer airport
• Bikaner airport
• Jaisalmer airport

(B) Road:

 Most cities such as Jaipur, Jodhpur, Ajmer, and Kota, etc. are very well connected through road transport. Rajasthan state road transport corporation (RSRTC) main government transport body to manage transportation through road. National Highway(NH-8) was the first highway in India which converts four-lane into an eight-lane highway. 

(C) Rail:

 Rajasthan is well connected to rail transport. Rajasthan consists of Northern western railway(NWR) headquarters in Jaipur. Many trains directly connect the main cities of India such as Mumbai, Delhi Kolkatta and Chennai, etc. 

Tourism:

Rajasthan is famous for its mighty forts, sandy dunes, and rich cultural traditions all over the world.

(A) Religious Places:

There are many religious places in Rajasthan.

Dilwara Temple

• 
  Dilwara Jain Temple: The famous Jain temples situated in Mount Abu. 
• Brahma Temple: The temple situated near the Puskar lake.
• Karni Mata Temple: It situated in Bikaner and famously known as " Rat Temple".
• Mehandipur Balaji Temple: It situated in the Dausa district of Rajasthan and dedicated to Lord Hanuman.
• Shrinathji temple of Nathdwara
• Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti Dargah: Sufi saint Moinuddin Chisti belonged to this Dargah and situated in Ajmer.

 (B) Historical Monuments

Rajasthan is famous for its mighty forts which were built by Rajput kings.  Six HillForts in Rajasthan come under the UNESCO world heritage sites. These hills forts situated in the high hills area and provided the protection to Rajput kingdoms. 

Amer Fort

(A) Six Hillforts in Rajasthan:

• Chittorgarh Fort
• Kumbhalgarh Fort
• Jaisalmer Fort
• Amer Fort
• Ranthambore Fort
• Gagron Fort

(B) Other historical monuments situated in Rajasthan:

• Jantar Mantar: situated in Jaipur and built by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. It is an astronomical observatory.
• City Palace: situated in Jaipur and a great example of Mughal and Rajasthani architecture.
• Mehrangarh Fort: situated in Jodhpur
• Patwon Ki Haveli: Jaisalmer.



Hawa Mahal

• Hawa Mahal: known as "Wind Palace" and situated in Jaipur.
• Udaipur City Palace: situated on the banks of Lake Pichola in Udaipur.

Udaipur City Palace

Culture and Tradition:

(A) Rajasthani Dish: Dal-Bati-Churma, Bikaneri Bhujia, Pyaaj Kachori, and Marwari Bhojan, etc.

Dal-Bati-Churma

(B) Dance: Ghoomar, Kalbelia( dance of Kalbelia tribe), Gair dance and Kathputli etc.

(C) Festivals: Deepawali, Holi, Gangaur, Teej and Googa Pir etc.

Jaipur Wall Painting

Educational Institutions:

• Indian Institute of Management(IIM): Udaipur
• Indian Institute of Technology(IIT): Jodhpur
• All India Institute Medical & Science(AIIMS): Jodhpur
• Malaviya National Institute of Technology(NIT): Jaipur
• Central University of Rajasthan: Ajmer
• National Law University: Jodhpur
• National Institute of Fashion Technology: Jodhpur
• SMS Medical College: Jaipur
• Birla Institute of Technology and Science: Pilani

Famous Personalities of Rajasthan:

• Major Shaitan Singh Bhati: Param Vir Chakra awardee and hero of Rejangla fight during the Indo-Sino war in 1962.
• Rajendra M. Lodha: Chief Justice of India
• Bhairon Singh Shekhawat: Vice President of India
• P.K. Sethi: Architect of Jaipur of Foot.
• Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore: Silver medallist in Shooting in Olympic
• Jagjit Singh: Musician and Singer
• Irfan Khan: Famous Hollywood and Bollywood actor

Interesting Facts about Rajasthan:

• The Aravali Range is the oldest mountain range in India.
• Mount Abu is only one hill station, situated in Rajasthan.
• Kalibanga, an Indus Valley civilization site founded Ploughed fields.
• Luni River is only a saline water river in India flows in the Thar desert in Rajasthan.
• The maximum number of UNESCO heritage sites founded in Rajasthan.
• Lord Brahma temple in Puskar is the only Brahma temple in the world.
• Rajasthan is the largest state of India in area wise.
• Rajasthan is the most colour orientated state such as Jaipur(Pink), Jodhpur(Blue), and Udaipur(White).
• Pokhran(Jaisalmer district) is the first nuclear testing site in India.
• Jantar Mantar is the largest Stone Sundial in the world.
• Great Indian Desert is known as " Thar Desert", is the largest desert in India.
• Sambhar Lake: the largest inland saltwater lake in India.